Systems thinking-based risk assessment methods applied to sports performance: A comparison of STPA, EAST-BL, and Net-HARMS in the context of elite women's road cycling

There is increasing interest in applying systems Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) methods sport. Risk assessment (RA) can be used identify risks which may impact the performance of individual athletes, teams, overall sports systems; however, they have not yet been tested This study sets out to apply compare three thinking-based RA context elite report on frequency types identified. The Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) method, Event Systemic Teamwork Broken Links (EAST-BL) Networked Hazard Management System (Net-HARMS) method were applied women's road cycling all credible that could degrade optimal team performance. findings demonstrate appear provide useful results a other than safety, multiple threatening Whilst differed across applied, there are additional theoretical, methodological, practical implications considered prior selection use approaches. Recommendations directions for future HFE science research discussed.